Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition in which the body’s core temperature rises above roughly 104°F (40°C) and its thermoregulatory systems fail. Sweating often stops, organs begin to overheat, and without immediate cooling and medical intervention, heat stroke can lead to permanent organ damage or death. Symptoms typically include confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures and hot, dry skin (though skin can also be moist in exertional cases).
As climate change drives more frequent, intense and longer-lasting heat waves, heat stroke has become a growing public health concern. Its rising incidence serves as a clear warning about the public health challenges posed by a warming climate. More people are being exposed to extreme heat conditions that can trigger heat stroke, especially in regions unaccustomed to high temperatures. Heat stroke risks are higher for residents without adequate cooling or green space. Outdoor workers, construction crews, delivery drivers, farmworkers and athletes face increased danger as heat extremes intensify. Older adults, people with chronic illnesses, low-income residents and those without access to cooling face disproportionate risk.