Activated carbon filters, also known as activated charcoal filters, are porous filtration systems used to remove impurities from air, water, and other substances. They are made from carbon-rich materials like wood, coal, or coconut shells that are heated in a low-oxygen environment to create a highly porous structure with an extensive surface area. This structure allows the filter to adsorb (trap) a wide range of contaminants.
In water filtration, activated carbon filters are effective at removing chlorine, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and other chemicals that impact taste and odor. However, they are not effective against dissolved solids, heavy metals, or microbial pathogens unless combined with additional filtration technologies.
In air purification, activated carbon filters capture airborne particles such as dust, odors, and volatile chemical pollutants, often working in conjunction with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. These filters are commonly used in homes, industrial settings, and healthcare environments to improve air and water quality.
Health journalists often encounter this term in stories about public health, environmental safety, and consumer products like water pitchers or air purifiers. Understanding their function and limitations is key to accurately reporting their role in mitigating exposure to harmful substances.