A communication approach that emphasizes the individual before their condition or disability.
Deeper dive
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) style guide, this linguistic model “describe[s] what the person “has” rather than what the person “is.”
Person-first language was written into law in the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (1997). For example, instead of referring to someone as a “disabled person,” we say “person with a disability.” This subtle shift in phrasing underscores the humanity and individuality of the person, rather than defining them by a condition. Person-first language has now expanded to describe more conditions such as substance use disorders.
Some communities oppose person-first language, saying that distinguishing them from their condition or trait denotes that their condition is negative. “They may prefer to use identity-first language because they feel the trait is a core component of their identity,” according to the NIH.
Person-first language promotes health equity by prioritizing the person over their condition, and can challenge stigma and stereotypes. Person-first language affirms a person’s dignity and worth, which can enhance patient-provider interactions and improve health outcomes. Many advocates of the term say its use fosters a more inclusive and respectful health care environment. This is crucial for marginalized communities often subjected to prejudice and discrimination due to their condition.
When journalists use person-first language, they acknowledge that a person is defined by more than their health condition. When health care professionals use person-first language, they demonstrate empathy and respect, making patients feel valued and understood. This can lead to increased trust, better communication and a greater likelihood that patients will seek and adhere to medical advice and treatments.